Gutters: technical specifications and installation rules

Rainfall and melting of snow will pass without consequences only if a reliable sewage system is prepared and meets all the requirements. It not only has to be created from reliable elements, the quality of installation of individual blocks and their combination among themselves is of great importance. Every homeowner and developer is obliged to take into account all these subtleties in the construction, design, overhaul.

Device and purpose

The gutter helps not only to reset the water flow down (this could be managed with the help of a simple roof slope). His task is to direct the water in a certain direction. When the sewage system is not set up or broken, the flow goes randomly, as a result wet walls appear, dampens the foundation of the house.The basic structures cannot fully fulfill their mission, they quickly fail. Channels for water flow are divided into different types, and the classification can be carried out according to the structural material, and the type of system used.

Among the materials that are used in the construction of drains, absolutely leading positions are occupied by:

  • plastic (PVC);
  • steel in the form of tin;
  • alloy steel.

These materials for a long time proved their practicality and high efficiency. The constructions of solid wood, concrete or natural stone used in the past turned out to be irrelevant to their background. Metal channels for drainage from the roof of rain and melt water are now in demand more than their polymer counterparts. The reason is obvious - they allow you to achieve the highest protection of buildings from flooding the foundations and dampness on the walls.

Also, the advantages of metal over plastic in terms of rigidity and strength are very important for outdoor environments.

Technical characteristics of steel gutters allow them:

  • serve from 30 years (with high-quality installation and maintenance);
  • successfully resist various mechanical stresses;
  • easily tolerate aggressive and corrosive substances.

But with all its advantages, the metal is heavy, which does not allow its use on buildings with lightweight foundations. Copper structures are better than steel structures in terms of their resistance to corrosion, but the load created will be even higher. According to GOST, galvanized material in the form of thin sheets, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets, low carbon cold-rolled strips and steel tapes can be used to produce steel drainpipes.

The geometrical configuration of the drainage system has a certain value. So, a rectangular drain:

  • able to improve the appearance of the house, properly performing its function;
  • lets in much more water than alternative forms;
  • requires a relatively small amount of materials;
  • superior to other forms of resistance to rupture by ice.

The only problem is the increased installation fee, which is not very significant against the background of such advantages.

Square gutter copes with a large amount of rain a little worse than a rectangular counterpart. Basically, for the manufacture of such parts using steel with a polymeric protective layer. In this case, the total cost is not much higher than that of traditional round pipes. Radial drains should be installed mainly on towers and other structures with a round roof. In all other cases, they are not needed.

Variety of materials

The severity of copper drainage structures forces, in spite of their technical merit, the choice of a galvanized metal type in most cases. Speaking about the plastic (PVC) option, it should be noted that it is immune to corrosion (like copper), and it is much easier. But the widespread occurrence of such products is hampered by the emergence of strong noise when strikes drops on plastic. In addition, if the water in the plastic drain freezes, it will simply break the pipe. To increase the resistance to water with high acidity, many companies are applying a polymer coating.

Structures made of wood are still used in some places, because such a structure looks very attractive. But to call it practical is unlikely to work, because the wooden gutters:

  • destroyed in 5-7 years maximum;
  • quickly overgrow fungi;
  • are expensive;
  • Differ complicated maintenance.

Concrete gutters can be found in multi-storey buildings, but such elements are not suitable for private housing. In addition to a significant mass, the cement block quickly collapses from water (it does not corrode, but there is not much difference in practical terms).

Among the options at hand, not the last place is the production of models from bottles. Special durability and high performance in this way is not achieved. But, at least, such a sewage system copes with its task on secondary buildings successfully.

Dimensioning

The cross section (pipe diameter) determines the effectiveness of the use of the gutter in a particular situation. Thus, a large rectangular structure is economically inefficient where the quantity of wastewater is small. The exact dimensions are determined depending on the effective areas of pitched structures. To determine them, you must first multiply the gap between the eaves and ridge of the roof by half the total height of the roof.The result is then multiplied by the length of the roof slope, measured at the centerline.

When the total area is 57 square meters. m and less, you can restrict the chute with a diameter of 10 cm, which will be a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm. In cases where the slope varies from 57 to 97 square meters. m, the width of the grooves increase to 125 mm. With a further increase in the roof (but no more than 170 m2), it is possible to confine a drain of 15 cm. Both of the latter options are equipped with pipes with a cross section of 10 cm. A diameter of 200 mm and more is practiced mainly on very large roofs of apartment buildings.

According to the norms of SNiP, the angle of inclination of the drainage system can be taken from standard reference books. The average value suitable for almost all cases is 2 mm per 1 meter. But there may be situations when this indicator is insufficient. To clarify this is necessary when choosing a specific type of roof and how to organize it.

The maximum length is always taken equal to the lengths of the eaves, the number of drains is calculated for all ramps separately.

Installation steps

Installation work can be done with the help of professionals or with your own hands. Regardless, be sure to strictly follow the manufacturers instructions.

  • If the gutter is made to order, it is advisable to prepare drawings to facilitate installation work.
  • Fastening is often done with hooks. The final success depends on the chosen size of the brackets. The holders should be slightly larger in diameter than the circumference of the gutter, but the free movement of the pipe should be excluded.
  • Installation of the wall joints is made with a maximum interval of 900 mm. This requirement is based on the state standard, and it is impossible to shy away from it, no matter what system is mounted. When the mounting of the fixing parts is over, the funnels come. The arrangement of them is determined by the external or built-in execution of the drain. Also take into account the slope of the roof and its total area.
  • As follows from the regulations on the roof area of ​​up to 10 square meters. m. should be the only corner funnel. When exceeding this indicator put at least two parts. When the trays are mounted in the center of the system, the plastic or steel part is cut off, the hole is used for the installation of ebb. It is mandatory for any pipe system to fix the plugs that correspond to the drain on the form.The gutters installed on the walls are mainly attached using pipe locks, the points of the bundle are treated with sealants.
  • To fix the drain on vertical planes you need clamps. For information: first, the clamp is attached to the wall, and only then create a section of the pipeline, and not vice versa. In some cases, you will have to install turning parts; It is important to make them because it saves water flow area and increases the efficiency of the entire system. The final step is to mount the finish knees. If it was decided to collect rainfall from the roof, the gutters are supplemented with special tanks.
  • Fastening gutters to the sheet is made using copper elements, steel with zinc coating or plastics. For large roofs it is recommended to use steel structures. When the building is small, it is permissible to use plastic, which is not subject to rusting and is relatively inexpensive. Semicircular troughs are made by milling tools, because all other methods do not allow to obtain a flat surface.

Attaching the gutter-holding brackets is done in such ways as:

  • attachment to the crate;
  • the retention of the lower share of the flooring;
  • pressing to rafters;
  • installation on the frontal roofing board (at the same time with the rest of the roof);
  • mounting on steel pins driven into the wall (when there is no frontal board); implies the use of studs.

The method is chosen based on the specific situation and installation conditions.

The gutters themselves are fixed with clamps, taking into account the fact that the insulating layer of the back wall must exceed 50 mm, and the fasteners must be inserted into the wall by 50-60 mm. Smaller groove is impractical and unreliable. In any case, it is required to leave a gap from the pipe to the wall. When PVC guttering is done, the clamp should not adjoin it closely - as soon as the temperature changes, cracks and dimensions will begin to appear.

The first step when working is to measure the perimeter of the roof on the eaves. Gutters set, carefully considering the angle of inclination. Vertically oriented parts of the drainage mount from the bottom up. Marking must be attached to the lower clamps. Each piece that is longer than 200 cm must be installed on its own special clamp.

It so happens that the roof is already laid and there is no frontal board. This does not mean that it will be necessary to disassemble the entire roof and redo the work. The board will have to be put very low, attaching the brackets exclusively to the crate. The problem with this solution may be due to the destruction of the structure under the snow and ice loads. Only to the board itself you need to fix the drain when completing the unfinished house and when using a waterproofing film with anti-condensation effect.

If the repair or construction is still incomplete, you can simply put the boards under the installed coating.

They will help, without crushing the material, to remove the fasteners with pliers. This technique ensures the subsequent installation of the gutter even after a long time after the completion of roofing work. In another embodiment, the frontal board is made out as an integral part of the roofing ensemble, and already hooks are attached to it. On metal coatings take relatively short hooks, but from identical material.

Plastic drains are well combined with the front structures made of wood. In the complete absence of such structures comes to the aid equipment "crutches" made of metal or wood.Already on these parts, the gutter is attached using bars or studs. On small outbuildings, hooks are simply screwed into a profiled sheet. Another solution is the brackets that hold the drain not from above, but at the bottom, and therefore invisible.

If the roof is made of metal tiles, approximately the same approaches are used for fixing drainpipes.

The magnitude of the understatement is chosen individually, while taking into account what the visual properties of the resulting structure. The maximum installation step of the holders is 90 cm, but it is recommended to limit to 75 cm. The edges of the gutters should be 20-25 mm below the roofing edge. The minimum slope per 1 meter varies in this case from 3 to 5 mm; smoothness of the slope is provided by setting brackets strictly at a given height.

On how to install a drain yourself, see below.

Comments
 Author
Information provided for reference purposes. For construction issues, always consult a specialist.

Entrance hall

Living room

Bedroom