Subtleties of the design of frame houses

Currently, there are many computer programs for the independent design of frame houses. There are design bureaus and design specialists who will prepare all the project documentation for the frame structure of your choice. But in any case, before proceeding with the design process, it is necessary to answer a number of questions about your future home. Your comfort and that of your relatives, who will live in it for many years, depends on it.

The whole design process can be divided into three stages: pre-design work (drafting of technical specifications), the design process itself and project approval. Let us consider in detail each stage and deal with the features in each of them.

First you need to do the collection of general information and study the details of the future project of the frame house.

It is necessary to coordinate with all future residents of the house the requirements and wishes for the future structure. (the number of floors, the number and purpose of the rooms, the location of the rooms, the division of space into zones, the number of windows, the presence of a balcony, terrace, veranda, etc.) The building’s area is usually calculated based on the number of permanent residents - 30 square meters per person + 20 sq. Meters for economic zones (corridors, halls, staircases) + a bathroom of 5-10 sq. Meters + a boiler room (upon request of gas services) 5-6 sq. Meters.

Visit the plot of land where the building will be located. View its topography and explore geology. It is necessary to learn about the presence of water bodies, ravines, and forests around. Find out where the main communications pass (gas, water, electricity), whether there are access roads, what quality they are. See where and how buildings are located around. If the plots are not all built up, ask the neighbors what houses they are going to build, what will be their location.All this will allow you to properly plan the supply of communications to the future home, more comfortable to arrange windows and doors, driveways.

In order to avoid fines and demolition of the future structure in connection with violations, you should be familiar with the set of ruleswhich regulate the requirements for construction (the distance between the fence and the building, the distance between adjacent buildings, etc.). Depending on the seasonality of use of the future structure, you need to decide what it will be: for summer living or year-round. This is important when calculating work on the insulation of the house itself, the design of heating. If it has two or more floors, it is possible that heating will only be needed for the first floor, and the second one will be used only in the warm season.

Construction of a one-story, but large house will cost more than one that will be two floors of the same area, by about 25%, since a one-story house requires a larger basement and roof area, and the length of communications increases.

It is necessary to immediately decide whether the porch or terrace adjacent to the building, determine the type of foundation and whether there will be a basement. The construction of a house with a basement requires additional research of the site on the fit of groundwater. Too close their fit can absolutely exclude the possibility of building a house with a basement. And without a basement, you can build a building using a pile-screw foundation, which in some cases will reduce the cost of construction. The cost of equipment basement is about 30% of the construction cost of the entire building.

Decide what material the house frame is supposed to be: wood, metal, reinforced concrete, etc. Today there are many options on the market for the construction of wooden frame houses, but in some regions it is quite expensive, so it is more profitable to build houses, for example, from foam blocks.

Decide on the type of frame - it will usually be double or volumetric. It depends on the region of construction, average winter temperatures, and also on whether the house will be intended for permanent residence or seasonal use. At the end, you need to choose what your future home will look like.

As already mentioned, there are many computer programs for designing houses, for example, Google SketchUp, SweetHome. But this process can also be performed on a regular school sheet in a cell or a sheet of graph paper using a pencil and ruler to a scale of 1: 1000, i.e., 1 mm on the plan corresponds to 1 m on a plot / ground. Each floor of the future house (basement, first floor, etc.) is carried out on a separate sheet of paper.

Stages of the project.

1. Draw the boundaries of the site. In accordance with the scale, we put on the plan all the objects of the site that will remain after the construction of the building due to the impossibility or unwillingness of the transfer (trees, wells, farm buildings, etc.). Determine the location in accordance with the cardinal points, the location of the access road to the future structure.
2. Draw the contour of the house. It is necessary to keep in mind the current legal documents, town-planning norms and regulations during construction of housing.
3. If there is a future basement structure inside the contour of the house, we sketch the location of the basement, ventilation windows, doors, and stairs. Experts recommend designing two exits from the basement: one to the street, the other to the first floor of the house. This is also a safety requirement.
4. We start the project of the first floor. We have inside the sketch rooms, bathroom, plumbing unit, kitchen and other utility rooms. If the construction of the second floor is planned, it is necessary to put a staircase on the sketch. It is better to have a bathroom and kitchen nearby for ease of communication.
5. Apply door openings with a mandatory indication of where the door will open (inside or outside).
6. We have window openings, indicating the dimensions, taking into account the wishes of the illumination of the premises.

It is advisable to avoid passing rooms, because it reduces comfort. Do not forget that in the already built house it will be necessary to bring furniture. Narrow winding corridors or steep stairs can complicate this process. Similarly, draw plans for all floors of the future home.Bathrooms and plumbing fixtures are more rational to locate under each other in order to avoid unnecessary costs for the breeding of communications, as well as problems during operation and repair in an already finished house.

When designing the attic and roof, the basic principle is simplicity. All sorts of broken roofs in the process of living in the finished structure will bring you many problems (delaying the snow and, as a result, the leakage of the roof, etc.). A simple roof, not exotic kinks - a guarantee of reliability, peace and comfort for you and your family.

When designing your future home you need to remember that all technical premises should be built on the north side of the building. This will significantly save on space heating. It is also recommended that one wall of the building be left completely without windows or narrow windows should be installed for natural lighting of the stairs connecting the floors - this will allow to regulate the heat exchange in the rooms. It is often recommended to do so in regions with strong winds in winter or when building a house in open areas (steppes, fields, etc.).

After coordination of the project of the house with all tenants it is necessary to show it to experts.The building itself can be designed taking into account aesthetic perception and comfort, but planning and proper communication can be done only by a qualified specialist.

There are regulations for projects in which all the requirements for laying communications in residential buildings are given. Schemes for the supply and location of water, gas, ventilation, electricity and sewage systems also need to be included in the project documentation.

The issue of ventilation should be given special attention. Poorly designed ventilation during periods of temperature changes leads to the appearance of fungus and mold, which is bad for the health of people living in the house.

By coordinating the project with a specialist, you will ensure a comfortable stay in an already built house. And most importantly, when registering a building in the cadastral chamber, you must provide a package of documents, which includes the project of the house. If the project documentation does not comply with the regulatory documents, it will be extremely difficult to register the house, it is even possible that it will be necessary to rebuild or change the location of communications, which will create unnecessary problems and additional costs.

Wooden mini “carcasses” with a sauna or a garage on their own can be made in different sizes:

• 6x8 m;
• 5x8 m;
• 7x7 m;
• 5x7 m;
• 6x7 m;
• 9x9 m;
• 3x6 m;
• 4x6 m;
• 7x9 m;
• 8x10 m;
• 5x6 m;
• 3 by 9 meters, etc.

A cozy two-storey house with a small veranda is suitable for a family of three. The project has three bedrooms, two bathrooms with plumbing. The first floor has no partitions between the living room and kitchen areas, which makes the space wider and more spacious.

The spacious house is suitable for a family of 2-3 people. External attractive view of the house does not disappoint and the location of the rooms.

Unusual beautiful house. From the facade it seems that there are three of them, but this is one spacious house under the gable roof.

Semicircular glazed porch and large openings of the ground floor windows - the highlight of this house.

Regardless of whether you yourself will design your future home or contact the experts, it is necessary to examine all possible shortcomings in the finished structure and design errors. This is a rather laborious process that takes time to gather information, study all the options and coordinate the chosen option with the relatives.

Choose a finished house project that you think is most similar to your ideas about the future house and which is already built. It is good if this house has been in operation for a year and people live in it constantly.

Ask the house owner to talk about the pros and cons of living in it. Does the number of windows, doors suit him, is there a comfortable staircase, is it comfortable to live in such a layout and what did he have to redo in the first year of his life, and what miscalculations did he have to accept. Answers to these questions will simplify your work.

If you can see this house, be sure to use it. Learn how the furniture is arranged, whether it is convenient to move inside, whether it will be spacious in such a house, whether the ceiling height is sufficient, whether the staircase is comfortable. It often happens that the idea of ​​a comfortable home on paper does not at all coincide with the vital ideas of comfort.

Modern construction technologies allow to build buildings all year round. You should not hurry, and, having made a project, immediately proceed to the construction. You may miss an important point that cannot be changed in the future without radical intervention. After all, the house is built with the expectation that it will live for at least 30 years, and it is very important that it be comfortable and reliable.

If you still decide to entrust the design of a frame house to specialists, choose the firm that will build it according to your drawing. This will save money, because the cost of the project is deducted from the cost of building a house when entering into a construction contract. Also, throughout all the design stages, you will know the cost of the company's construction work and you will be able to adjust the project in the process, considering your financial capabilities.

You will learn more about frame house projects in the next video.