Insulation dimensions: how to choose the right one?

Thermal insulation of the walls significantly saves the budget for heating the house. This article describes the requirements for the size of insulation and materials that are best to take to create an effective insulation of heat in the house.

Special features

The main property of any insulating material is its thermal conductivity. In order to achieve the optimum temperature in the house, it is necessary either to reflect the heat from the surface, or to prevent the structure from passing along the wall. By this criterion, all heaters are divided into two categories:

  • preventing type - in these products the heat conductivity is very low;
  • reflective type - here the level of infrared radiation is reduced several times.

Varieties and forms

Styrofoam

In its form it represents air-filled polystyrene bubbles, further compressed into plates of standard sizes: 500x1000, 1000x1000 and 2000x1000 mm. Packing material - in the form of plates of fixed sizes. Polyfoam is a white plate material with a rigid foam structure that contains 2% polystyrene and 98% air. The thickness of this material varies from 20 to 1000 mm.

    The material has the following advantages:

    • low cost of foam and glue, with which it is attached;
    • the installation of the foam is very simple; therefore, work can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists;
    • foam is affordable - it can be easily purchased at any hardware store;
    • material is not subject to destruction under the influence of moisture.

    Long-term use of foam as a heater revealed its disadvantages:

    • on sale material of rather poor quality;
    • material is subject to burning;
    • as a heater foam serves only 10-15 years (depends on its manufacturer and quality);
    • the material does not "breathe."

    In order to start working with insulation, it is necessary to perform a number of actions that distinguish this type of material from other products.First of all, you need to carefully prepare the surface you want to warm. To do this, it needs to be cleaned, leveled and primed. After that, you need to make a plumb mark for a uniform arrangement of the foam plates. Then the foam is carefully lubricated with adhesive solution and gently applied to the wall.

    You do not need to push hard on the foam when laying - it is quite fragile, so damage may occur. The foam plates are laid close to each other. Clearances can be filled with foam. For sure fasteners of a plate it is best to fix with dowels. A reinforcing mesh is glued on top of such insulation - it is used for finishing.

    Penoplex

    This material is better than foam in all its properties, and its installation is simple and convenient for self-installation.

    This insulation looks like a waterproof tile with a thickness of 20 mm. The basis of the material - penostarol, its granules are processed under pressure using high temperatures. The walls inside the house for the installation of foam plastic are prepared in the same way as for the installation of foam plastic (you need to remove dirt and clean, level and primer the surface).

    Sets the starting profile to align the entire plane on the base. The profile also fastens the first tile row.

    Finishing work:

    • primer for facade work;
    • basic finish (plaster can be used very different, and acrylic, and silicone);
    • selection of the final texture;
    • painting.

    The easiest way: the surface is leveled, the final putty is applied, primed, painted. In the construction used material with a thickness of 20-100 mm, a width of 600 mm and a length of 1200-2400 mm.

    Mineral wool

    All types of mineral wool are also suitable for thermal insulation.

    Properties of mineral wool:

    • not flammable;
    • heat conductivity is very low;
    • Minwats are not eaten by rodents, but they love to settle in it;
    • service life from 30 to 80 years.

    Disadvantages - this wool absorbs moisture and is much more expensive than foam. When working on mineral wool insulation it is necessary to use special clothes and a mask.

    Heat insulators of this class are of three types:

    • slag wool;
    • fiberglass;
    • stone wool.
      Slag
      Fiberglass
      Stone wool

      Available material in several varieties:

      • in the form of plates (mats);
      • rolls;
      • in shapeless form.

        Minplit is made of ordinary glass: first, it is heated, and then drawn into a thin fiber. The most common dimensions of such a product are 1000x500 mm. However, each manufacturer has its own dimensions. For example, Isover products have the following parameters: 1170x610 mm with a thickness of 40-150 mm.

        It should be noted that for different designs perfect different sizes of such material are used. For example, for thermal insulation of frame structures, mineral wool is used with the following optimal parameters: length - 1175 mm, thickness - 46-213 mm, width - 566-612 mm.

        Also for the insulation of multilayer walls builders use this material with the following parameters: length - 1176 mm, thickness - 52-206 mm and width - from 614 mm.

        Izolon

        This heater belongs to the newest generation of heat insulators. The material is an elastic polyethylene foam with a cellular structure of various thickness and density. It has a very thin structure - the thickness of this material is only from 2 to 10 mm. One centimeter of isolon is thermal conductivity comparable to a brick wall or eight centimeters of insulation from a mineral wool.

        Insulation consists of polyethylene foam, which is responsible for thermal conductivity, and aluminum foil, which retains heat.

        Izolon does not absorb moisture at all and is not subject to rotting. Material serves up to 30 years. This insulation is non-toxic, it is completely odorless. Environmental friendliness and compliance with sanitary standards allow it to be used even in places of food production.

        The material is produced in the form of rolls of various sizes: material thickness - 3.5-20 mm, length 10-30 m. In one roll can be from 6 to 36 square meters. m of material.

        Expanded clay

        This insulation is made from various types of clay. It is usually used as a filler for concrete. But nowadays it is used to insulate walls.

        The material is produced in the form of gravel and rubble. The first version is oval, the second is cubic with sharp edges. Packing occurs in fractions - the higher it is, the better the insulating properties.

        Gravel of expanded clay has a size of fractions from 5 to 40 mm.

        The fraction of claydite of 5-10 mm is used to create claydite-concrete blocks, 10-20 mm - for insulation of floors and floors, a fraction of 20-40 mm - for insulation of basements, roofs, heating mains, floors in garages. Claydite crushed stone has the same size as gravel.

        Penoizol

        Penoizol is a liquid foam.With the help of special equipment, it is created directly on the construction site. The brick formwork is made, and penoizol is poured into it.

        Such material is produced using foamed carbamide resin. After application and polymerization, it resembles a frozen shaving foam. Having a service life of 50 years, compared to all of the above types of heat insulators, penoizol significantly benefits in terms of heat preservation, its incombustibility, moisture resistance and non-exposure to rodents and fungal organisms.

        Arbolit

        The material has the following technical characteristics:

        • density - up to 710 kg per cubic meter;
        • thermal conductivity - up to 0.13 watts;
        • bending strength - up to 1 kgf / cm2;
        • Compressive strength - up to 3.5 MPa.

        The appearance of the material resembles a chipboard, and the color is a concrete coating. The release of the material is made in the form of volumetric square blocks, which include a filler in a sheath of a binder. The composition of the aggregate - chips, straw and sawdust (up to 90%), here also add cement, calcium chloride, soluble glass and sulphate of alumina.

        These blocks come in the following sizes:

        • 500x200x250 mm;
        • 500x300x250 mm;
        • 500x400x250 mm.

        Of the features of the material, it is worth noting the high thermal insulation, environmental friendliness, biostability, high installation speed and low cost. However, the material is unstable to moisture, and the size of the blocks does not differ in accuracy, which will require leveling the surface.

        Chipboard heat insulator

        The material is a compressed slab of sawdust and chips (90%), bonded with formaldehyde resins. Available in sheets with a thickness of 10-22 mm. The dimensions of such material are as follows: 2800x2620 and 1830x2070 mm.

        The product has the following technical characteristics:

        • the density of the material is 500-1000 kg / cu. m;
        • humidity - up to 13%;
        • tensile strength - 0.6 MPa;
        • bending strength - 26 MPa;
        • water absorption - 31%.

        Polyurethane foam

        Available in the form of gas-filled plastic. The material is divided into hard and soft material. The composition of such a product contains polyester, water, emulsifiers and diisocyanate. The material has good sound absorption and high moisture resistance.

        Polyethylene foam

        It is an elastic web with a cellular structure. It can be produced in rolls and cords, and in sheets.Differs in high paroizolyatsionny properties, and also excellent noise isolation. This material is obtained by adding a foaming agent to polyethylene.

        The following types of heaters are also used, but are used much less frequently:

        • Fiberboard. Available in extruded plates (length - 2400 or 3000 mm, width - 1200 or 600 mm, material thickness - 30, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mm). The material does not respond to chemical and biological effects, is resistant to fire.
        • Ecowool It is made from waste of production of a cardboard and waste paper. The structure resembles cotton wool with a large fiber. Differs in good sound insulation, when spraying does not form seams. However, it absorbs moisture well. The material is available in rolls and in plates.
        Fibrolite
        Ecowool
        • Glass wool. It has longer fibers than mineral wool, so the material is elastic and durable. Also, the product withstands high temperatures (up to 453 C) and is not subject to corrosion. Material is produced in rolls and plates. The dimensions of the product produced in the plates are as follows: length - 1000 or 1200 mm, width - 500 or 600 mm, thickness - 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 150 mm. Rolls also come in different sizes.The material does not burn, has good sound-absorbing properties and does not emit substances harmful to human health when heated.
        • Ceramic wool. The basis of such a material is aluminum oxide or silicon. Such a material has good thermal conductivity properties and is resistant to high temperatures. The product is made by a method of a razduv or on the centrifuge.
        Glass wool
        Ceramic wool

        Tips and tricks

        When choosing insulation, it is necessary to follow simple principles: on the packaging of a heat insulator, the area of ​​the roll in square meters is usually indicated. Based on these figures, you can know in advance how many rolls will be required for insulation. But it must be remembered that, for example, the mineral wool is always subject to shrinkage.

        For better density, this heat-insulating material is best laid with a surplus. Therefore, it is always necessary to add a few percent to your calculations. This applies to all insulation.

        To calculate the required amount of material, you must perform the following calculations:

        • the area of ​​the house is calculated;
        • the volume of the house is calculated (the height is taken according to the ceiling);
        • the total amount is multiplied by 2 (floor and ceiling for one floor);
        • it is necessary to add 15% to the obtained value.

        Overview of insulation, see the following video.

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        Information provided for reference purposes. For construction issues, always consult a specialist.

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