Metal fire doors

Fire door - this is such a design that allows you to protect the room during a fire from the penetration of high temperatures and flame, smoke, carbon monoxide. Recently, such structures are installed not only in those premises where fire safety regulations require it, but simply in apartments and in private houses.

The main advantage of the metal door structure is that during a fire it acts as an obstacle to the spread of flame and smoke and makes it possible to take all necessary actions to evacuate people and nearby premises.Special requirements for the size and design of such a door allow firefighters, together with the necessary equipment, to easily get into the fire.

Fire doors also have increased resistance to burglary and relatively low cost. Most of them are quite universal (that is, they can be installed in technical, industrial, administrative and residential premises). Currently, manufacturers offer a wide choice of finishing the entrance fire-prevention structures made of metal.

The main drawback of metal fire doors is a consequence of their merits: due to the fact that the doors do not allow smoke and flames, in a room with fire-fighting structures the fire is not immediately noticeable, but only after a certain time.

Fire-resistant steel structures are made only of materials having a class of flammability of at least G3, while the door leaf should be free of voids.According to fire prevention building standards, doors that protect a room from a fire are classified into three categories: EI90, EI120, EI60, EI30, EI15. The number after the letter E indicates the time in minutes during which the stability characteristics of the door structure to the effects of smoke and fire are not subject to change.

The most stable will be the door with the characteristic ЕI60, that is, when a fire occurs, a person will have 60 minutes left to take the action necessary to extinguish the fire and evacuate.

The door frame of the fire-resistant construction is made of steel (solid sheet or galvanized), it is also possible to manufacture the door frame from shaped pipes. The thickness must be at least 1.2 mm. The thicker the metal used in the manufacture of the door structure, the higher the door's ability to resist fire, its resistance to fire. The same relationship exists between fire resistance and door leaf width, which is why reliable steel fire doors have a fairly high weight.

Door leaf is made of steel with a thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm. The internal filling of the structure is non-combustible mineral wool, which, when exposed to high temperatures (950-1000 degrees), only melts.

Around the locks and around the perimeter of the door structure are installed smoke-free gaskets. Fire door designs are required to pass heat resistance tests in order to establish the degree of fire resistance. All door structures designed to protect the room from fire are certainly supplied with closers, otherwise they will not be able to provide an adequate level of fire resistance.

If the door has two doors, then the closers are installed on each leaf, and the regulator of the order of closing the sheets is additionally installed. Handles for fireproof cloths are made of flame resistant steel. The possibility of a malfunction of the lock during a fire is excluded, after all, even after prolonged heating, the locks should continue to work properly.

All fire door designs can be divided into the following types.

By box type:

• With covering boxes.This type of construction is used to mask the flaws of the opening, while the trim can be fixed both outside and inside;
• With corner frames. The most popular design. Suitable for any opening. Platbands are installed from the outside;
• With inner box. The box is placed inside the opening, and its installation is carried out before the finishing of the walls. Do not provide casings on this door.

According to the form:

• Deaf Door structures completely made of metal;
• Glazed. Doors with glass in their characteristics of fire resistance are in no way inferior to deaf structures due to the use of multi-chamber glass packs filled with helium in them. When exposed to high temperatures, helium expands and fills all voids, which contributes to even greater reliability of the door unit. Where the glass is adjacent to the door, a heat-resistant sealing tape is installed.

By type of canvas:

• Same-sex.Entrance doors with one leaf - the most common model;
• Double or double constructions. They can have sashes of the same size or different, active and passive. There is always a handle on the active sash. The passive sash is usually closed on a latch, which easily opens when pressing on the door.

By type of castle system:

• With locks of the Antipanika system. This type of castle system allows for extremely efficient evacuation. This type of lock provides for opening the door with a key only outside. From the inside, the door is opened by pressing the door itself or the door handle. The pen itself is a device that is noticeable to a person even with very strong smoke;
• With lock-latch. Such door structures are most often installed in public buildings. Handle-lock is a consignment note, consisting of two locking blocks installed on both sides of the doorway, interconnected by a long handrail. To open the door, you must click on the rail down. If door closers are installed, the doors will remain open;

• With a folding threshold. To increase the smoke-tightness of the door, a folding threshold is built into it. He leans back automatically when the door closes;
• Spontaneous. These door leafs are used in areas where substances are stored that can easily ignite or explode in the presence of a spark.

The size of the fire door to be installed depends on the size of the opening provided. But there are some limitations. Thus, according to fire regulations, the height of the opening should be not less than 1.470 m and not more than 2.415, and the width - 0.658-1.1 m. Standard dimensions of single-door doors vary from 1.9 m to 2.1 m in height and from 0, 86 m to 1 m in width. Double doors have the following dimensions: height - 2.03-2.10 m, width - 1.0 - 2.0 m. According to the existing requirements, the width of the active sash must be at least 0.6 m.

Each manufacturer puts on the market fire protection structures of those sizes that it considers most demanded, but they must comply with the standard. The remaining doors provided by the standard, but not included in the size range of this manufacturer, are implemented as non-standard.Sometimes there are openings with dimensions that do not meet the standard, in which it is necessary to install fire protection structures.

Fire-resistant steel door structures can be both street and internal. They are installed most often. on objects to which increased requirements for fire safety are imposed:

• In public buildings: institutions of general and additional education, libraries, hospitals, sports organizations, shopping centers, hotels, office rooms, cinemas, clubs, concert halls, palaces of culture;
• In industrial buildings: factories, workshops, laboratories, workshops;
• In auxiliary technical premises: warehouses, transformer substations, server rooms, machine rooms of elevator facilities, boiler rooms, waste collection chambers.

When choosing a fireproof door, consider the following:

• The material of which the door unit is made and the thickness of the structure is important;
• The degree of fire resistance design. The higher the stated figure (60 or more), the more reliable the door will be to withstand the effects of flame and smoke. If the door is installed indoors, then a fire resistance of 30 minutes is sufficient. If the door structure is outdoor, it is better to choose the door blocks with the indicator EI60;

• View door frame. If the room is only being built or is under repair, that is, the finishing has not yet been carried out, you can pay attention to the door with the inner box. To hide any irregularities of the walls will help the door with the embracing design;
• The appearance of the door structure. If the door is purchased for an apartment or a public building, then this characteristic is of no small importance. Currently, fire doors can be made in a variety of colors and designs. Usually, powder coating is used for the finish, which is quite resistant to temperature changes;
• Used locking system and accessories.The door unit should be equipped with reliable latches-locks or the Antipanika system, strong canopies;

• Material walls of the room. Best of all, if the walls of the building will be brick or reinforced concrete, that is, the material of the walls should also not be prone to maintaining burning;
• The weight of the door structure. The weight of the door unit can reach 120 kg. This indicator is important to understand whether the building structures will withstand such a load;
• Manufacturer. Fire-resistant doors are best purchased from companies that have long been working in the market. It is not profitable for them to risk their name by producing low quality products. Famous manufacturers always give a long warranty on their doors.

All information about materials, accessories, weight, type of door frame and the like can be obtained if you carefully examine the product conformity certificate, especially its annex, which lists the certified products, and the regulatory document to which it corresponds. Equally important is the price of the fire block. Thus, a single-steel door of standard sizes with a fire resistance of 30 minutes can have a price of 15,000 rubles.

If the door has two doors, glazing and fire resistance of 60 minutes, then its price will increase almost 2 times. Door blocks of non-standard sizes with additional options will cost even more.

Fire doors with natural wood trim fit perfectly into the interior of the cinema and reliably protect its visitors.

Fire door in metallic color perfectly complements the interior in hi-tech style. Doorknob system Antipanika it is organically combined with furniture.

The external fire door, in spite of its simplicity of execution, fits well into the stone texture of the building and becomes almost unnoticeable due to the volume trim.

The gray color in the design of fire-resistant doors is ideal for maintaining the overall concept of the interior of the underground parking, made in a gray-white-red range.

From the following video you will learn more about the production technology of metal fire doors Vympel-45.