The foundation for a house of aerated concrete: how to choose and build?

Choosing the foundation for the construction of aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to consider all the technical characteristics of this material. Aerated concrete - a popular budget material, often used in the construction of houses, cottages and outbuildings. It has several advantages, which is why it is in great demand. But houses made of aerated concrete are heavier than buildings made of logs or lumber, so you should think about a solid foundation.

Special features

Aerated concrete is autoclaved cellular concrete. Over the history of its existence, it has found application in almost all areas of the construction of structural elements of buildings and structures of any type.Characteristic features of this material make it very competitive in the market of building materials.

The main advantages of the construction of foundations of this material:

  • independence from temperature changes;
  • a light weight;
  • fast installation and ease of installation;
  • environmental friendliness;
  • moderate cost;
  • excellent heat and sound insulation;
  • high resistance to frost, and due to porosity water does not penetrate quickly into the material;
  • versatility: aerated concrete can be sawn, drilled, thanks to which gas blocks can be given a different shape;
  • in factories where gas blocks are made, there is a laboratory that controls the quality of the material;
  • aerated concrete belongs to stone materials, but is considered a fairly lightweight material. Almost any type of foundation that meets the requirements for stiffness and deformation is suitable for it.

Projects

The strength and design solutions of aerated concrete blocks are not inferior to the usual brick. They rarely appear mold and dampness, they breathe perfectly.

Before building the foundation, you need to decide on the type of foundation, as well as carefully design the future foundation of your house.

Slab

Slab view is one of the options for non-buried or shallow-foundation. This is a reinforced concrete slab under which a layer of sand and rubble is being compacted. Slab option for a house of aerated concrete has the highest possible carrying capacity, which is achieved due to the large supporting area of ​​the plate, which occupies the entire area of ​​the building.

In most cases, the thickness of the plate is from 20 to 40 cm. Monolithic slabs of base type have a greater spatial rigidity than the foundation, assembled from individual slabs.

The main advantages of the slab foundation:

  • ease of installation;
  • low cost;
  • high bearing capacity;
  • the common platform does not undergo local deformation;
  • the possibility of using the foundation as a floor for the basement;
  • the height of the house can be above 2 floors with a load of 20-25 t / m2;
  • ease of construction in difficult soils.

Cons: slab foundation is built only in homes where there is no basement.

    Pile sparrow

      Pile foundation in recent years is becoming increasingly common due to its reliability, versatility and affordability of installation with their own hands.Very often, aerated concrete buildings erected on screw piles, interconnected by a grillage, in areas with close to the groundwater. Installation with a monolithic grillage will save block masonry from cracking that occurs during shrinkage.

      Most often, when choosing piles for aerated concrete structures, they prefer rammed or screw supports. Such piles are easily mounted even with self-erection.

      Tape

      The ribbon variant is a reinforced concrete strip that runs along the entire perimeter of the building, as well as under load-bearing walls. It is equipped by digging a pit. This type of foundation is optimal for the construction of a gas concrete house.

      The shallow depth option is ideal for building a building from aerated concrete blocks on ideal soil that is not prone to heaving and shifting. Sufficient depth is 500 mm. In the opposite case, the ribbon type of the deep foundation foundation is erected. The bottom of the base will thus be below the freezing level.

      The recessed version is also good because it allows you to equip a basement or a basement or to add decorative elements, for example, beautiful concrete steps.

      Brick

      A brick foundation will also be a good option for a gas concrete house, but only if the ground is not prone to heaving and also in the construction of a one-story building.

      Only solid brick of marks not lower than M200 with a frost resistance index of F35-10 is used for the device.

      Columnar

      Such a foundation is constructed only on stable soils with even relief. The structure is a reinforced concrete grillage, at every angle of which, under the bearing walls, brick, stone or concrete pillars are installed. They can be round or square.

      This option differs from competitors in its cheapness, ease of installation work and calculations.

      One of the types of columnar foundation for the construction of houses from aerated concrete blocks - the foundation of TISE technology is the technology of individual construction and ecology. TISE differs from standard column foundations by the presence of the heel, which increases the support area of ​​the column, while reducing the pressure per square centimeter of soil, thereby almost twice increasing the load bearing capacity of the pile.

      TISE is a type of foundation that does not require special equipment during construction, for installation only a TISE drill and portable formwork will be needed. One of the main requirements of TISE technologists during the construction of the structure is the lightness of the material. Therefore, the use of aerated concrete is ideal here. Only if the rules are followed, a house built by TISE will serve its owners for many years. First, when developing a project, keep in mind that aerated concrete blocks do not like movement, it is also desirable to reinforce a concrete grillage that will connect the piles with a single monolithic slab. Secondly, before building walls, make sure that the foundation is stable and ready for further construction. It is recommended to make the foundation until the autumn, and in the spring, having checked the geometry, start building the house.

      Remember that TISE is suitable only for light buildings, and despite the fact that aerated concrete has a low weight, a large 10x10 house will already weigh about 2,000 tons, so carefully weigh the pros and cons before building the foundation. This variant of the foundation is perfect for a house on the 1st floor.

      How to choose?

      Choosing what foundation to lay for a gas-concrete house,consider not only economic benefits, since the total longevity of the foundation, as well as the entire construction depends on many factors.

      Choose the foundation for the house of aerated concrete blocks should, based primarily on the type of soil, the depth of freezing of groundwater, natural conditions, as well as the topography of the site.

      Rate the soil in your area.

      For example, a reinforced concrete slab is the best option, since it minimizes shrinkage deformation. When the soil moves, the plate moves with it, ensuring the safety of the house. Slab foundations are able to withstand even in the most aggressive climatic conditions.

      Ribbon shallow-depth version is suitable for homes standing on poorly or srednepuchinistyh soil. And the foundation, deepened to the depth of frost penetration, can be set on heaving soils.

      The columnar foundation type is constructed only on stable soils with a flat surface.

      In turn, the pile foundation is suitable for any type of soil, even for clay.

      Also, experts advise to take into account the number of floors of the building, since, depending on the number of floors, the total mass of the structure increases and, accordingly, the load on the foundation.If you chose a one-story house, then feel free to choose any version of the foundation of the above. But the two-story is recommended to be erected only on plate monolithic or tape-based. In this case, the depth and width of the tape in the latter version should be greater than during the construction of a one-story building.

      Before calculating the characteristics of the foundation for a gas-concrete house, you need to remember that this is a complex process that requires special care and attention. If you do not want to turn to professionals, then each owner of the building can make all the calculations on their own.

      Before computing you need to know:

      • density and thickness of gas blocks;
      • approximate weight of building materials and roof;
      • the height of the building;
      • soil type;
      • approximate snow load.

        The design process includes not only drawing up drawings, but also developing basic communication parts, designing a basement or garage in the basement, drawing up wiring diagrams, etc. After all, all these factors directly affect the choice of the type of foundation for future construction.

        Before designing the foundation, decide on a budget.Of course, it is impossible to save on construction, but it is important to consider the feasibility of building an expensive foundation. The decision should be made only after the study of the soil.

        Building

        Building a foundation with your own hands is possible, but requires precise adherence to building technology. For each type of foundation there is a step-by-step installation system.

        Slab

        As mentioned above, slab foundation is perfect for aerated concrete houses. The base plate can serve up to 100 years with a competent approach to construction. The basis of reliability is correct reinforcement with reinforcing rods with a diameter of at least 12 mm. You should not save on materials, since it is the metal frame that works in tension and will not allow the slab to crack in the future.

        Reinforced concrete slab set under the entire surface of the house. The slab parameters should be based on the design of the future aerated concrete construction. For example, for garages or baths the minimum thickness is 100 mm, and for a residential house - at least 200-250 mm. When building, be sure to pay attention to the waterproofing of the slab: in the lower part, the base is waterproofed with rolled materials,and the top - coating or sprayed.

        To reduce heat loss, it is necessary to warm the foundation.

        Tape

        The main material of the strip foundation is concrete, made of sand, cement and water. For better strength, it is necessary to strengthen the structure of the concrete base with iron reinforcement. Before construction, you need to clear the area of ​​the proposed construction and make the necessary marking of all the bearing walls. Further, surface drops are studied and the lowest point is selected, thus eliminating the difference in the height of the foundation. A trench, the bottom of which should be perfectly flat, can be digged with your own hands or with the help of special machines. Next, a special cushion of sand and rubble is placed on the bottom.

        Before filling, the formwork should be installed, after which the reinforcement cage is laid around the entire perimeter of the foundation by hammering in the reinforcing bars.

        For pouring it is recommended to use factory concrete, which is poured onto the bottom of the trench in layers of 20 cm. Each layer must be compacted to prevent the formation of voids. After finishing work, the surface must be leveled.

        The strip foundation must be dry thoroughly before starting to build walls. It may take about one month.

        Piles and pillars

        Pile and column option is considered the most economical due to the low consumption of materials, as well as high speed of construction.

        From above, both species are connected by an iron horizontal grillage, on which the building is then built.

        The gas block is a light material that does not require the extrusion of adhesive solution. Compared to brick walls, aerated concrete blocks can be laid without pauses. According to building codes, blocks with a thickness of 350-450 mm are used for laying external walls, for internal walls - about 200 mm.

        Before laying the first row of blocks it is necessary to carry out waterproofing work for the foundation. As a material for waterproofing, you can choose roofing material or polymer - cement mortar based on dry mixes. It is necessary to carefully level the base of the cement-sand mixture.

        It is worth paying special attention to the laying of the first row of aerated concrete blocks, because the quality of the whole building will depend on how evenly they are laid. The masonry leveling can be determined using a cord and level.

        For styling using a special glue consistency of thick cream. The adhesive solution is applied with a trowel or carriage, the width of which should be equal to the width of the laying.

        The alignment of the masonry masonry should be checked after laying each row.

        Tips

        • The best option of the slab base for the aerated concrete house is a warmed slab, which provides the necessary stability of the ceiling.
        • Work with the use of aerated concrete blocks should be carried out at a temperature of from +5 to +25 degrees.
        • For the preparation of concrete mix for strip foundations it is recommended to use clean water, and sand without admixture of clay and earth.
        • If the temperature is below zero, it is allowed to use warm water to knead the concrete solution, in case of heat only cold water should be used.
        • Performing work on the construction of the foundation in unstable soils, you should take care of the fortifications of the pit.
        • M100 concrete grade is suitable for the initial stages of construction and fill footings. M200 is used for the construction of the foundation of houses with easy overlapping, M250 and 300 are perfect for building foundations for bulky private houses.
        • In order to strengthen the columnar foundation, it is necessary to strengthen its bearing area. Tape base strengthened by refilling with reinforcement, pile with reinforced concrete clips along the entire length of the pile.
        • The basement will increase the useful area of ​​the house up to two times, but the residential basement floor is impossible without high-quality waterproofing.
        • So that the walls of the gazoblokov not cracked prematurely, it is necessary to reinforce them, and then expose the blocks to exterior decoration.
        • Plan the time to build the walls of the house considering that the construction of the foundation takes about a month of work.
        • Remember that you should not begin the construction of the foundation, not fully calculating its total cost. The cheapest option of the basis under the private house is considered pile.

        About what foundation is needed for a house of aerated concrete, see the following video.

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        Information provided for reference purposes. For construction issues, always consult a specialist.

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