Lifting garage doors: the details of the mechanism and manufacturing

There are many types of garage doors that have reliability and comfort during operation. The most notable among them are lifting (folding) structures, which during the opening rise to the ceiling of the room. Such gates have several advantages.

Special features

Lifting gates are gaining increasing popularity among motorists. They do not occupy the area in front of the garage, which is often very relevant in the metropolis.

    Lifting gates have advantages:

    • the flap rises vertically during opening;
    • garage doors are durable, breaking them is not an easy task;
    • while lifting the sash, the mechanism is silent;
    • This type of gate is easy to install, it is not necessary to cast a foundation for guides, to put roller mechanisms;
    • no side space is required, whereas it is necessary when constructing a sliding gate;
    • the cost of the lifting gate is low - this is also an important factor.

    To make a lifting gate on your own is quite a task for the person who has the skill of handling the tool. You can also purchase a ready-made set of overhead doors; a large number of offers from different manufacturers are on the market.

    Before starting work on their installation should be prepared:

    • get acquainted with the features of the garage doors;
    • make a drawing;
    • calculate the amount of material;
    • prepare in the garage the place where the structure will be located.

    It is recommended to consider in advance and select the desired option. The lifting gates are sheathed with a professional sheet, plywood or plastic, PVC insulation or technical wool is laid between the layers, and a gate is often made in the casement.

      Vertical lifting structure is divided into two types:

      1. Lifting section. The canvas is composed of several blocks, between them they are fixed with a rigid frame. Rising up, they bend and gather.
      2. Tilting gate. In this case, the canvas rises up along a curved path.

      The advantages of the first option:

      • can be used indoors with any doors;
      • installation technology is simple;
      • there is no additional space in front of the garage;
      • it is possible to use the "dead" space under the roof;
      • the sash is a one-piece design, which has a positive effect on the safety factor;
      • the garage will be warm in winter without additional heating, if the door is properly insulated;
      • lift gates can be mounted in double and single boxes;
      • can be supplemented by the design of automation.

      There are few design flaws at the lift gate, but they are:

      • in case of damage to the leaf, you will need to change it completely;
      • gates can only be square or rectangular;
      • when installing insulation increases the weight of the product, a significant load falls on the mechanical components, which leads to their wear.

      Principle of operation

      The main elements of the lifting gates are:

      1. frame;
      2. guides;
      3. lifting mechanism.

      The design can be either automatic and open using the control panel, or manual,when the cycles of opening / closing is implemented in manual mode.

      There are two types of lifting gates:

      1. sectional;
      2. rotary lifting.

      In both cases, the gates do not extend outside the room when they are open. A sectional view is made of longitudinal metal structures, their width does not exceed 50 cm, they are mounted using hinges.

      The mechanism is based on the principle, where each section makes movement in two planes:

      • first, the flap goes up along the vertical fastening;
      • then it moves along a horizontal plane along special guides located under the ceiling.

      Gate of rotary lifting type is an integral quadrangular design in which the shutter, turning, is tightened upwards, moving on special runners.

      When the gate is open, the sash is located under the roof parallel to the ground.

      After installation, adjust the springs before starting work. Effort when opening the gate should be minimal. This factor will be a good guarantee that the mechanism will work for a long time.

      After completion of the main work, you can install additional devices:

      1. electric drive;
      2. anti-hacking mechanism.

        When assembling a structure, it is important to ensure that:

        • the guides were precisely located on the horizon line, otherwise the automation will fail;
        • minimum friction should arise only from the functioning of the hinge nodes;
        • the regulation of the spring is done by twisting the nut or by changing the location of the spring itself;
        • when using counterweights, be sure to fix the safety rails, which can be adjusted;
        • To prevent the gate from falling down unexpectedly, ratchet couplings should be used.

        The lifting mechanism can be of several types:

        • Spring-lever. Gates in which there is a similar device, have the greatest recognition among motorists. In operation, such a mechanism is reliable, it has excellent rates of bypass capacity. When adjusting, the springs must be correctly adjusted and the guides properly positioned.
        • Lifting winch. Folds are often warmed with technical wool. From the outside, they mount a metal profile, which is additionally sheathed with plastic or plywood.

        Often the casement becomes heavy under these circumstances.Additionally, a winch with a counterweight, which is attached to the other edge, is placed.

        Kinds

        Sectional vertical gates are in great demand. Cloth in them is made up of several blocks that are interconnected by hinge loops. Each panel is not more than 50 cm wide. At the time of opening, the sections are displaced, forming an arc.

        There are two types of sectional gates:

        1. for garages;
        2. industrial destination.

        The advantage of this design:

        • operational reliability;
        • simplicity;
        • ease of use;
        • resistance to mechanical damage.

        The market offers a large selection of sectional doors of different formats. It is easier to buy a ready-made kit, as it is a difficult task to make such products with your own hands.

        The scheme of the sectional doors is quite simple: the sections are connected to each other by loops, which move up the special tires. Between the two layers is laid insulation from PVC or mineral wool, the outer surface is sheathed with professional sheets. Panel thickness - about 4 cmwhich is enough to keep the garage warm during the cold season.

        Benefits:

        • space saving;
        • aesthetic appeal;
        • reliability;
        • economic expediency.

        Sectional doors are also differentiated by the type of lift:

        • usual - This is the most common type of gate;
        • low - mounted this type of gate with a small size of lintel;
        • tall - makes it possible to save space in the area of ​​the lintel;
        • inclined - horizontal guides have the same angle of inclination as the ceiling.

        Vertical lift is when the gate vertically moves along the wall. Spring stretch - sectional doors in this case are designed under the lintel 10 cm and are the smallest. In the lifting mechanism there is a special spring (torsion or simple), which makes it possible to find the optimal mode necessary for closing and opening.

        The control mechanism is possible at a distance using the remote. Sandwich panels are interconnected by special locks, which allows the design to be monolithic.

        Greater popularity received folding gates. This type of gate allows you to avoid the "invisible zone" when leaving the garage, often this factor is the cause of accidents.

        When there are no swing doors, the review is much more. Advantages of swing gates:

        1. are inexpensive;
        2. easy to operate.

        The gate is assembled from two frames that close the doorway. There is a main support on which the guides are attached. During operation, the main part moves up on the bearings until it is in the area of ​​the horizontal beams. In this case, compensation springs or counterweights are actively involved.

        Louvre designs are found in a wide variety of options. The principle of the device is simple: a flexible winding curtain during operation is wound on a special shaft, it is located in the area of ​​the lintel.

        The end of the flexible web is fixed on the shaft. During the opening, a roll of veil layers continuously grows, which are one on top of the other.

        Advantages:

        • are inexpensive;
        • have a small weight;
        • consume the minimum amount of energy.

        Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that the coils of the web, while in the roll, rub against each other, the microparticles have an undesirable mechanical effect on the coating layer.

        Such a node has the advantage: when the length in the arms of the consoles is the largest, the drive voltage can be slightly weakened.

        During the opening period, the effective shoulder becomes shorter, the canvas enters the central part of the gate. This factor explains why power consumption is minimal. Significantly reduced load on the drive itself, which contributes to its reliable operation and durability. Another positive quality is that the speed of movement of such gates is high.

        Often, instead of a metal frame make the frame of the bars, treated with a special antiseptic primer. The construction of a wooden frame will be cheaper, in terms of stability and reliability it will differ little from the metal one.

        The door often crashes into the vertical gates, technically it is easy to do. Folding gates, unfortunately, equip the door is not possible.

        Standard sizes

        Before you begin to purchase materials and prepare a place for future construction, you should draw a diagram - a drawing. The most important thing is to determine the basic dimensions of the lifting gate.

        Standard sizes vary:

        • from 2450 mm to 2800 mm in width;
        • from 1900 mm to 2200 mm in height.

        Each garage has its own characteristics, the exact size will need to be determined on the spot. It is very important to understand what material the door leaf and frame will be made of.

          First of all, the manufacture of the gate will require:

          • bars 100 x 80 mm and bars 110 x 110 mm for the ceiling;
          • reinforcement to secure the frame;
          • corners 60 x 60 x 4 mm to reinforce the frame;
          • corners for the manufacture of rails 40x40 mm;
          • channel 80x40 mm;
          • spring with a diameter of 35 mm;
          • fittings 10 mm;
          • canvas to make sash;
          • automatic drive.

          The design of the automatic drive is simple, you can make it yourself, and a similar device can be found on the market, knowing what the width, height of the future garage will be, as well as an approximate list of materials that will be required.

          It is also easy to calculate the estimated amount of money that will be needed for the project. In the course of work, the amount can be adjusted, but if the plan is drawn up correctly, then it will be insignificant (no more than 10%).

          From the tools for the installation of the gate will be required:

          • Bulgarian;
          • drill;
          • welding machine;
          • two meter level;
          • water level;
          • adjustable wrenches.

          Tips for choosing

          You can take ready-made drawings, it will significantly reduce the cost of developing your own project. There are various plans, including from world-famous manufacturers.

          Recently, gates with wickets, as well as automatic lifting gates are in great demand. Sets and accessories for automatic gates can be bought in the Internet or regular store. Adjustment of the control unit is not difficult, it can be done independently.

          It should be with the purchase to pay close attention to such details:

          1. Guides should have the same cross-section as in the drawing. The gap between the bearings and guides is also important, it must also meet the standards.
          2. It is important to pay attention to the joints. All components of the structure must move freely at the point of transition from the vertical direction of opening to the horizontal.

          At the bend points of the web segment, a protective seal is necessarily present. It performs several useful functions:

          • ensures the integrity of the gate;
          • Prevents fingers from getting into the gap or the edges of clothing.

          A synthetic sealant should be attached at the bottom of the door to prevent the web from freezing.. It is important to calculate the thickness of the panels, it should be optimal.

          If you need to install an electric winch, you should correctly calculate:

          • necessary effort;
          • electric motor power;
          • gear ratio.

          Should pay close attention to locks and handles, they must be of high quality. The control panel must also be airtight and withstand mechanical loads.

          Entrance lifting gates can be made independently, while saving a significant amount, but it is recommended to follow all technological requirements. At the rolling gates the thickness of the strips must be at least two centimeters. The width of such gates is allowed no more than five meters..

          The optimal height of the opening should be done more by 30 centimeters of the top point of the roof of the car. The liner and shoulder pads are located in the same plane. The crib can be between 30 and 50 cm, the shoulder pads can be more than 10 cm.

          Aluminum is sometimes used for exterior plating. The weight of this metal is three times less than iron, the load on the drive will be noticeably less. Steel sheets it makes sense to use where the large intensive traffic of vehicles. In the sandwich panels, it is permissible to use special metal profiles that can not be cracked. Steel parts should not be less than two millimeters thick, they should be covered with zinc.

          It is better to purchase automatics from a well-known manufacturer, since it is difficult to make such a node with your own hands. Drive, control panel, combination lock - all this is better to buy from one manufacturer, otherwise there is a risk of node incompatibility. Drive is recommended to purchase more power.otherwise the risk of breakage increases. Should carefully examine the markings of bearings. They put down the weight that is able to withstand this part.

          The torsion drum must be made of high-strength aluminum. It should be strengthened with metal corners of the lintel and wall, as well as the opening itself. The floor level difference in the garage is allowed no more than 5 mm. In the edges of the opening tires are mounted, they go under the overlap. The sections will move along these nodes.

          During work, observe safety precautions, use glasses, gloves, construction helmets.

          The dimensions of the opening are measured at several points in width and height, the first parameter is usually taken as the maximum value, and in height - the minimum. Frame size corresponds to the parameters of the opening.If you need to connect the parts with brackets, the profiles are filmed at an angle of 90 degrees.

          Perforated profiles are strengthened with mandatory slats. Under such circumstances, the jumpers and guides are trimmed so that a small tip remains, it will be needed to fix the parts.

          The frame is exposed using a plumb. After the design meets the required level, it is fixed. Vertical guides are fixed using brackets. It is reasonable to use mobile fixation so that the part can be adjusted in the desired position. Horizontal guides are inserted into the corner mortgage and fix.

          To make the package sizes smaller, the vertical slats sometimes split in two.. The parts are interconnected with a corner. There should be no differences between the metal profiles in the installation site of the corner railotherwise it is possible the seizure of the rollers.

          There are two types of balancing nodes:

          1. torsion shaft;
          2. tension spring.

          They work on the same principle, only their location is different.

          The automatic mechanism with a bulk drive has great power, it can work with heavy gates. Automation in this case is supplied with a chain mechanism.

          For lifting the node you can use the alarm for cars. Drive can serve as a reverse winch. It works from the mains 220 volts and it is able to raise the gate of 125 kg.

          External painting of the gate can be quite simple. For example, a monochrome gray color scheme is very suitable for this kind of design.

          Do the gate of the smallest possible size.. Compact doors are more stable, which makes the possibility of blocking noticeably less.

          Installation

          Before installing the gate, it is necessary to carry out redecorating the garage - level the surface of the walls and ceiling so that the guides do not have any deviations.

          The frame should go a couple of centimeters into the floor, and it doesn’t matter much, it’s a self-made door or a factory-made door. The concrete pouring of the screed can be done when it is fixed vertically.

          After the layout of the shield it is tested: put on the finished folding guides and check the work.

          Completion of works is crowned with installation of accessories:

          • pens;
          • locks;
          • heck.

          Proper installation of fittings is very important, it depends on it how long the gate will serve. Often the handles are made from the outside, and from the inside, which increases the functionality of the doors.

          All this work can be done by yourself, including correctly adjusting the lifting mechanism. If the gate is purchased in the store, it is recommended to carefully study the information that can be found in the instructions.

          If there are wickets in the door curtain, be sure to put a latch on it.. Locks will be useful if the garage is not located on the territory of the household.

          Exterior finish is priming and painting. Its stages can be divided as follows:

          • frame preparation and assembly;
          • installation of rollers;
          • sash mounting;
          • installation of accessories.

          Rama takes on the lion's share of all loads, so it must be done first. The bars are inexpensive, the frame of the bars can be equivalent to replace the metal frame. It will be an economical option, but if everything is done correctly, then the principle of operation and the strength of the structure will not be affected.

          This is done as follows:

          • The plane on which the installation takes place must be perfectly flat.To avoid any distortions, prepared bars are put on it.
          • At the junction points, metal corners are used, which are fastened with self-tapping screws.
          • The lower part of the beam is immersed in the floor for at least two centimeters.
          • After completion of the installation work begins testing. The box is placed in the doorway, checked using the level (vertical and horizontal) position of the structure.

          If there are no questions, the frame is fixed with reinforcement its length can be 25 centimeters. There is one such fixture for one running meter.

          Then, guides are placed in the ceiling area parallel to the horizon. Having completed the installation of the frame, you can mount mounts for rollers.

          The rail is fixed with bolts with a diameter of 1 cm. It is important to note that during the installation process a level should be applied constantly. At the edges of the rail clamps are mounted in the slots, which allow you to control the movement of the gate.

          The canvas can be made from a variety of materials. Often the gate is sheathed with durable plastic or stainless steel sheets. Insulation, which is located between the sheets, effectively reduces heat loss.

          Automation in the lift gate can not work without connecting a good engine. Thanks to his work, there is an operative opening and closing of the gate. Automatic mechanisms should have self-blocking mechanisms that will not allow opening the gate if there is no power supply. Such devices are quite durable and reliable.

          Successful examples and options

          There are several models of gates on the market, which are well made and inexpensive. It is recommended to pay close attention to automatic street gates. "Alutech Classic"Designed for garages up to 3,100 mm high and 6,100 mm wide. The largest area of ​​the blocking opening is 17.9 square meters. Torsion springs are designed for 25,000 cycles.

          Sectional quick-lift constructions in which the frame is made of extradited aluminum profiles come in double acrylic inserts - this is the best choice for private households.

          Products Alutech production of the Republic of Belarus have the following advantages:

          • nice appearance;
          • simple principle of action;
          • quality and reliability in work;
          • violation of the spring does not threaten the fall of the canvas;
          • all parts fit well;
          • the gate can be put in any opening on the street.

          Automatic gates "Alutech Classic" have a thickness of 4.5 cm panels. The gate operates silently. They are safe and inexpensive, but, nevertheless, they can be called elite in terms of quality of workmanship.

          There is protection against the ingress of moisture around the perimeter due to seals of a special EPDM elastic material, which retains its properties even at a temperature of -30 degrees Celsius.

          There is a built-in gate (height 1970 mm, width 925 mm), which allows you to enter the room without opening the main sash. There is also a block for manual lifting.

          More details about the design of the garage door are described in the following video.

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          Information provided for reference purposes. For construction issues, always consult a specialist.

          Entrance hall

          Living room

          Bedroom