Wood fireplaces for the house: types and features of designs

Nowadays, a fireplace with wood is not only a source of heat. It is a peculiar, decorative item for offices and living rooms, not inferior in importance to the other elements of the interior. The wood fireplace enjoys wide popularity among owners of dachas and country mansions.

Classical fireplaces on wood are designs in which the fire chamber is executed as the niche made of heat resisting material. Along with this, it is open towards the room. The device has in its design a chimney, which contributes to the removal of combustion products from the room, as well as creating the thrust necessary to maintain the fire.

The portal of the fireplace can be “P” -shaped or “D” -shaped. For its production is usually used brick or stone.

First of all, it is associated with the fuel used in them. Using a fireplace in the apartment is not possible due to non-compliance with fire safety regulations. Yes, and for the storage of firewood requires too much space. But in the private sector, especially outside the city, wood structures can create a unique home-like atmosphere, become an additional source of heat for the home and even a place to cook.

Traditional fireplaces on wood can vary both in the finish of the external walls and in the type of the firebox, in its location, in the method of heat transfer and in the type of radiation. Of the variety of varieties of traditional fireplaces that use firewood as fuel, you can choose the one that best suits you. It is important to know in advance what types of devices exist and what their differences are. Classification by mount technology.

This is a stand alone design, adjacent to the wall. Such fireplaces can be installed already in a rebuilt house. It is attached to the wall, made of fire-resistant building materials. The flue can also be placed on the wall.

They are installed exclusively in spacious rooms., the floor and walls of which are able to withstand heavy loads. Portals of wall-mounted devices are trimmed with ceramic tiles, bricks, wild or natural stone.

Erected at the stage of construction, repair work or modernization of the house. A part of the chimney and the firebox is embedded in the masonry of the wall itself.

These fireplaces are small, therefore able to fit in bedrooms and small offices. The facade of the furnace is sheathed with a border of half-brick, trimmed with various decorative materials.

Localized in the corner of the room, which is very entertaining in terms of room decoration. The chimney of the fireplace "hides" in any of the walls. The open fragment of the firebox is made of light blocks, steel, concrete. The surface is covered with plaster, revetted with bricks, wild stone and other materials.

These are stand alone designs. In the center of the room erect a flat platform (base). It can be closed or open type. The base passes into the smoke chamber (smoke box), coupled with the chimney.

The thermal efficiency of these fireplaces is low.and the construction takes a lot of space. The main difference is the originality of the performance.

They are one of the modifications of island type fireplaces. They are not tied to the floor, but seem to hang from the ceiling. Suspension devices are usually made of iron, which is the lightest material. The combustion chamber can be closed or open.

Along with traditional fireplaces made of brick or natural stone, there are other samples.

Modification of the fireplace system, combining the functionality of the stove and the enchanting, attractive force of the fireplace. Often, such heating devices are equipped with two fireboxes and two chimneys. Due to this, they can be heated both together and separately.

Construct fireplaces in country houses, in garden buildings, where it is necessary not only heating the room, but also cooking. There are heating devices on wood fuel briquettes or wood.

The structure is similar to traditional home fireplaces. They are constructed of stone, blocks made of concrete, brick, marble (the material is selected depending on the climatic zone).

The main purpose of such devices - the design of landscape architecture, the formation of the home environment.

This is a version of the fireplace-stove for the street. Autonomous center, not associated with residential buildings, is constructed for cooking on the street. Barbecue fireplaces equipped with a grill, smokehouse, cooking hob, panel, sink, butchering table, proper place for kitchen utensils are in demand.

To minimize the influence of atmospheric phenomena (rain, snow) on mantel designs they are arranged in gazebos, open-type garden houses, under the canopies.

We are talking about biofireplaces, fake fireplaces, electric fireplaces, namely, those devices that do not require chimney pipes. Their main purpose - decorating the premises.They can be made of a variety of materials.

Modifications of fireplaces according to the type of combustion chamber:

• Open fireplaces. The fireplaces of such fireplaces can be open from one, 2, 3 or all 4 sides (island variations). Traditional heating devices are equipped with a firebox, open from one - front side. Devices with an open firebox retain the romanticism of antiquity, the attractiveness of an open flame. They require systematic maintenance, special care, compliance with safety regulations, need access to a large amount of oxygen.

• Fireplaces gated. The firelighter of such devices is covered with heat-resistant glass or a chimney door.

Classification by type of thermal radiation:

• Devices with one-sided heat dissipation have a traditional design. The fire house is open from the front side, and the other three walls of the chamber are made with a slope. This design increases the heat output of the fireplace.

• Bilateral (with bilateral heat dissipation). These devices certainly look extraordinary.

In terms of operation, they have several flaws:

1. a large heat dissipation surface needs more air;
2. in front of the fuel chamber of such fireplaces it is necessary to construct a protection of greater magnitude;
3. the reflective area of ​​the firebox is reduced, so too little heat is supplied to the room.

• Trilateral (with 3-party heat dissipation). The open fire from 3 sides makes such constructions quite interesting. But the protection they should have 3-sided. Heat output from fireplaces with 3-party heat radiation is insignificant, since heat radiation propagates only from a single reflecting plane.
• Four-sided (with 4-party heat dissipation). Fireplaces are open from all sides. Therefore, they usually play the role of scenery without heating the room.

Fuel classification:

• Wood burning - the traditional type of fireplaces with a firebox, portal and chimney. It is advisable to do it at the stage of building a house. Such constructions should be erected by professionals, since omissions can provoke smoke, inflammation and other unpleasant moments in the room.

For them, aeration of the room is also of great importance. Wood fireplace will have a great place in a country house. But you need to think about a place for storing auxiliary equipment and firewood.

• Gas The devices have a good thermal return, quickly ignite. No need for chimney. The pipe is led to the open air or to the gas pipeline.

Fireplaces on blue fuel are safer, and their cost is lower than the price of wood fireplaces. The burner for burning gaseous fuel is controlled in auto mode. The imitation of the original fireplace is realized by means of ceramic decorative firewood, which glow red-hot in the process of burning.

Such devices can be supplied in the apartment, but it is necessary to obtain an authorization document from the gas service. In addition, the installation of such devices should produce gas.

• Electrofireplaces used for interior decoration, but not for space heating. This is an excellent model for a city apartment. They operate from the electrical network, are not dangerous to use.

The small weight of the device, the absence of a chimney, easy installation make available self-installation (without the involvement of specialists). They do not need to be cleaned, to remove the ashes from the firebox.

• Cassette type. Its name is associated with the design features, it has a special cassette - a steel firebox covered with glass. A closed-type fire house allows the device to be used in premises, since it is fireproof. As advantages it is possible to note high functionality and a short chimney. It is possible to use the long-burning mode.

• Bio Fireplaces - finished decorative devices functioning on ethanol or wine alcohol. On the bottom of the case is mounted a steel burner into which fuel is poured. The fireplace is ignited with a specialized lighter or a long match. Another name for biofireplaces is ekokaminy. They are completely harmless to human health.

• Pellet fireplaces must be classified in a separate category, because their structure and type of fuel used have their own characteristics. Devices on pellets are made from cast iron or iron. When finishing works in most cases, glass and ceramics are used.

Fireplaces are arranged as follows:

• the firebox;
• pellet burner;
• temperature sensors;
• ignition unit;
• several electric motors and a control unit;
• pellet and ash compartment;
• chimney pipe.

In auto mode, the pellets are portioned into the firebox. There, a specialized device injects air, creating conditions for the flame. In the lower zone of the casing there is an ashpit, where ash is dumped.

In such devices, you can adjust the power, temperature, time of actuation and shutdown. You can connect radiators to individual modifications.

The construction of the fireplace in the dwelling is a responsible matter that requires special skills and skills. Considering that this simple design will be the center of attention of residents and guests of the house, close attention is paid to the location and design decoration of the fireplace.

Fireplace decoration can be:

• brick;
• stone;
• wooden;
• from a ceramic tile.

For facing electrical and falshkamina in the living room are built specialized niches from the plasterboard.

The visiting card of the fireplace is a portal that is always sent to the center of the room.

Portal design can be:

• granite;
• marble;
• metal;
• brick;
• ceramic;
• limestone;
• from wild and rubble stone.

Genuine examples of chimney craftsmanship, which later become pride at home, are created by professionals from the above materials. Such foci contribute to the creation of a peaceful atmosphere that carries warmth and comfort for the hosts and their guests.

Among the Russian manufacturers of wood fireplaces can be distinguished trademark. "Meta"which interacts with foreign firms. The company offers an extensive selection of high-quality portals, which are distinguished by their configuration and price.

Any fireplaces and stoves made in Belarus "Teplodar" will become not only an interesting decoration of the room, but also an excellent unit for heating a home. The company produces devices with a capacity of 6-12 kW.

From foreign manufacturers, it is possible to distinguish Finnish fireplaces companies Harvia, Tulikivi and NunnaUun.

The firebox is the main element of the fireplace. After all, firewood burns here, the main heat comes from here. The main task of the firebox is to preserve the configuration and integrity at high temperatures. They can be made of brick, cast iron or iron, it depends on the device.

If your task is to heat the house through this device, then it is necessary to choose a firebox with heat accumulating components that will warm the room even after the extinction of the fire. Separate wood stoves are even equipped with a water heating circuit.

If we consider in detail the structure of devices in private homes, it is necessary to pay close attention to chimneys.

They come in two configurations:

• direct flue - the most popular type of exhaust hood, which is mounted directly in the process of building a house;
• Inclined chimney is a forced form, which is used if you have to install a fireplace in an already built building. This form allows you to connect to an existing ventilation system.

If it is round, it will reduce the resistance and prevent the formation of a thick bloom of soot. The whole system functions due to the different saturation of hot smoke and the outdoor atmosphere. The vacuum region sucks smoke out of the chimney.

The task of the chimney is the elimination from the room of combustion products: soot, carbon monoxide and smoke.It is important to ensure that all the joints of bricks or pipes in the hood were properly sealed. This is the only way to ensure good traction.

Another condition for a good exhaust is the correct tip (top) of the fireplace tube. The most that can be applied is a rain deflector. Excessive decoration may adversely affect the functioning of the chimney.

An important element - the grate. Usually it is a massive cast iron grate, it is placed on the bottom of the hearth. Firewood is placed on top of it. As the ash burns, it crumbles through the grate without interfering with the planned distribution of fire.

The most popular is the classic portal. For the most part, it integrates into the wall and has a U-shaped configuration. It is characterized by straightforwardness and expressiveness of lines, symmetry. In the role of scenery, you can use false columns, bas-reliefs and ornament.

Designers are advised to construct a special shelf above the fireplace, where statues, small objects and vases will flaunt. For decoration, you can use granite, marble. Shod lattices will become additional decoration.

Such portals have a D-shaped configuration along with small or medium parameters. An indispensable accessory for such a fireplace is a wooden beam above the firebox, on which various small objects are located.

Above the designs in the rustic style can be placed casing. He will play only a decorative role. This style contains a wall or corner portal of brick. For facing used sandstone or shell rock.

Loft style became popular in the 60-70s of the last century. It is characterized by large rooms with walls without plaster and high ceilings. In rooms with such an interior, an island-type iron fireplace with glass doors will look great. Keep in mind that this style does not provide plenty of comfort. As a result, the room should have a minimum of furniture and a maximum of free space.

In contrast to the previous project, such an interior presumes smooth lines, a focus on detail and the right colors.Fireplaces with a neat shape and color, as well as glass and metal devices will be arranged in this room.

The structure of modern high-tech style contains designs of chrome, steel, heat-resistant glass and plastic. The portal can be of any configuration. Often in such a device only the back wall remains opaque. Wood appliances in high-tech style - the original version, which is implemented to order.

See the next video for more information about the wood burning fireplace.